Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees

Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolders and Scaffold Hire Services

Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees County Durham: Some form of scaffolding will likely be needed when you are doing any substantial building work on a home in Stockton-on-Tees. This not only enables easy access to the workplace, but also makes it safer for the inhabitants of the building and the tradespeople. The sort of projects that might require a scaffold will include work like removing a chimney stack, updating the window frames, doing repointing or repairing the roof. To get an estimate and to have the scaffolding put in place safely you will need to uncover a trustworthy Stockton-on-Tees scaffolder. Where scaffolding is involved, you do not want to employ rogue traders or cowboys, so always be sure to use a locally recognised scaffolder.

Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolding Quotes

Scaffolding - A Brief Guide: A system that allows tradesmen to function safely and securely at height and get to otherwise inaccessible areas on houses, commercial buildings and various other structures, scaffolding is comprised of a network of steep tubing and fittings which when clamped together tightly create a safe and sturdy working platform. And it isn't just the workers who get protection from the scaffold, because it also shields pedestrians and people working or living in the building, from falling dust and debris and other potential threats. Dependant upon what kind of work is being carried out, Health and Safety regulations may call for a risk assessment to ascertain if scaffolding is essential.

Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees County Durham

The assortment of elements that fit together to build a scaffold include: midrails, toeboards, putlogs, ledgers, facade braces, spade ends, diagonal braces, board clamps, ladders, ladder clamps, sole boards, guard rails, limpet clamps, sills, base plates, scaffold boards, standards, couplers, right angle clamps and swivel clamps.

To confuse the situation even more, there are tube and fitting scaffolds, trestle scaffolding, patented scaffolding, cantilever scaffolding, rolling scaffolds, confined space scaffolds, scaffold towers, single scaffolding (bricklayers scaffolding), double scaffolding (masons scaffolding), shoring scaffolds and suspended scaffolding, every sort serving its own specific purpose. As a homeowner in Stockton-on-Tees, the only type you are liable to need is a bricklayer's or single scaffold, for your project. On the other hand, if you are dealing with a commercial premises, you might require any one of the styles in the list above.

Scaffolder Stockton-on-Tees (TS19) 01642

If you need scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, you have to search for a proficient scaffolding contractor, who is recommended by your local council. A number of safety assessments will need to be carried out on your scaffolding, and they must be carried out prior to its being used, consistently every seven days, after bad weather and after alterations or modifications. If it is going to encroach onto the a highway or pavement, you will need to get special permission from your local authority. These local authority permits are needed for several deployment tasks including access towers, pedestrian barriers, hoarding, staging, scaffolding and also skips or contractors plant. The scaffolding will also require safety lighting if it is located on a public highway, any respectable scaffolding firm will supply this. The European Standard, BS EN 12811-1 is the legislation that any scaffolding erected in Great Britain has to abide by.

Scaffolding companies operating in the region will likely come to your attention when you search for scaffolders in Stockton-on-Tees. Due to the conspicuous advertising billboards typically seen on scaffolds throughout the area, they can be quite noticeable. These local businesses, which you are familiar with, serve as a foundation for your selection process. Expanding your options is possible by submitting a request through Bark, a web-based services portal that streamlines the process by connecting you with local scaffolders. A substantial amount of time and hassle can be saved by using this approach. In a short time, you'll accumulate enough potential scaffolders to make an educated decision for your renovation or construction, guaranteeing a personalised, secure, and efficient scaffolding solution.

A scaffolder's job demands physical strength and a significant level of technical expertise. To effectively work as scaffolders, they must be familiar with the specific requirements of various scaffold designs, including independent, suspended, and birdcage scaffolds, each presenting its own complexities. Ensuring the scaffold's stability requires them to determine weight loads and apply appropriate ties and bracing. Due to the potential for accidents or perhaps even collapses from poorly installed scaffolding, having knowledge of these technical details is crucial for worker safety.

Scaffold Tower Hire Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham

Scaffold Tower Hire Stockton-on-Tees - A scaffold tower could be satisfactory if your building project is just a small one, meaning you'll have lots more options. Some scaffolding companies in Stockton-on-Tees, will happily hire you a scaffold tower, if that is what is required, but there's also other companies which you could try, for instance some tool and plant hire companies in Stockton-on-Tees may hold scaffold towers and maybe building merchants and similar retailers in and around Stockton-on-Tees. Hire Station, Jewson, Travis and Perkins, HSS or similar localized tool hire firms are likely locations to ask.

Because they need to be simple to wheel around when in situ and also readily transported, lightweight aluminium is generally used in the construction of tower scaffolds. There are various sizes and styles of tower scaffold available for different uses. For pretty much any kind of job you are able to pick from double width scaffold towers, guard rail scaffold towers, folding low level platforms, podium steps, microfold towers, folding indoor towers, stairway access towers, cantilever towers, non-conductive (fibreglass) towers, single width scaffold towers, span access platforms, single man towers, tower bridge decks and various other bespoke scaffolding towers or work towers. It could even turn out more cost-effective for you to purchase a DIY style scaffold tower, if you have a lot of work to do on your home.

When planning a building project that requires scaffolding, having knowledge of the various types of scaffolding and components that are available is essential. The article highlights scaffolding as a complex system of tubes and fittings that, when clamped and tightened together, create a secure working platform at height.

Scaffolders Stockton-on-Tees

It's important to note that scaffolding systems can incorporate extra features like loading bays, hoists and staircases, aside from the components mentioned in the article, making it simpler to move building materials and equipment to and from the scaffold platform.

Approval by the local authorities and adherence to necessary safety guidelines are critical considerations when selecting a scaffolding company in Stockton-on-Tees. Routine safety checks before and during the use of the scaffold, as well as obtaining any necessary permits for scaffolding that encroaches on a public highway or pavement, are both integral parts of the process.

Overall, whether you're a business or home owner, it's important to prioritise safety with regards to scaffolds. By choosing a competent and reputable scaffolder in Stockton-on-Tees, you can make sure that your building project is completed safely and efficiently.

The Skills of the Scaffolder:

The erection of scaffolding is a meticulous process that calls for a unique skillset. The following is a summary of the main qualities that make a good scaffolder:

Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolder Skills

Communication Skills:

  1. Clear Communication: Scaffolders collaborate intimately with other construction workers, supervisors and engineers, necessitating clear communication to guarantee a shared understanding of the scaffolding blueprint, weight restrictions and possible risks.
  2. Problem-Solving Skills: Encountering unforeseen hurdles is a distinct possibility in scaffolding projects. Scaffolders need to have effective problem-solving skills to identify solutions and adapt their procedures, whilst always preserving safety regulations.

Safety Focus:

  1. Safety Awareness: Scaffolders on building sites undertake the role of safety monitors, diligently ensuring the scaffold satisfies safety standards. They are also tasked with the responsibility of reporting any unsafe work practices or possible threats to the safety of workers and colleagues.
  2. Inspection Procedures: Conducting frequent inspections is crucial for upholding a secure working environment. Scaffolders possess the training necessary to spot potential risks, such as loose components, faulty joints or damaged parts, and they swiftly rectify these problems to avoid mishaps.
  3. Fall Protection Protocols: The training for scaffolders comprehensively covers fall protection measures, including the appropriate utilisation of personal protective equipment such as harnesses, safety nets and lanyards, ensuring that fall protection gear is used correctly by each person on the scaffold.

Physical Abilities:

  1. Balance and Agility: The construction of scaffolding often requires manoeuvring through confined areas and traversing a intricate maze of metal, occasionally at considerable height. Scaffolders must have excellent balance and agility to navigate these spaces with certainty and safety.
  2. Strength and Stamina: Scaffolding system components may be weighty, necessitating scaffolders to have considerable stamina and strength to position, lift and secure these parts during the assembly process.
  3. A Head for Heights: Elevated work positions are a standard requirement for scaffolding, and scaffolders must be comfortable with working high above the ground and exhibit a good understanding of spatial awareness.

Technical Expertise:

  1. Reading Blueprints: For scaffolders, diligently reading blueprints is key. This involves deciphering the specifications and layout of the required structure, including weight limitations, dimensions and anchor points for the scaffold itself.
  2. Component Knowledge: Familiar with every component of a scaffolding system, including platforms, base plates, tubes, braces and couplers, scaffolders grasp the unique purpose of each part and their collective contribution to a sturdy and safe structure.
  3. Structural Integrity: With their considerable knowledge of load-bearing capabilities, they adeptly calculate the weight distribution on the scaffold and recognise any possible weak spots, affirming the scaffold's strength to safely support the combined load of workers, equipment and materials.

By mastering these essential skills, scaffolders play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of construction projects. They're pivotal to the building industry, providing the support necessary for others to confidently climb to new heights.

Scaffolding Quotes in Stockton-on-Tees County Durham

Even while this post was created to target people looking to find a scaffolder in the local area, it should still be valuable for you if you live in adjacent villages and towns such as Newton Bewley, Normanby, Whinney Hill, Wolviston, Redmarshall, West Lane, Norton, Roseworth, Elm Tree Farm, Fairfield, Little Stainton, or in these postcodes: TS16 0EJ, TS16 0LE, TS16 0HE, TS16 0GA, TS16 0JE, TS16 0LD, TS15 9WB, TS16 0GP, TS16 0JW, and TS15 9YQ.

Scaffold Debris Netting

Debris netting on scaffolding is essential for construction safety and site management. A flexible solution that encompasses safety, cleanliness and efficiency on building sites in Stockton-on-Tees is provided by this protective mesh material, strategically installed on scaffolding systems to prevent the release of debris.

One of the primary roles of debris netting is to improve safety for both workers and the general public. The risk of falling objects from work areas at height is reduced effectively by this netting wich acts as a formidable barrier. Potential threats are safeguarded from the on-site personnel, pedestrians, and surrounding areas by this preventative measure. The netting mitigates accidents, property damage and injuries by confining construction debris, tools and materials to the work area.

Scaffold Debris Netting

Site organisation and management are significantly enhanced by scaffold debris netting, in addition to its safety benefits. By collecting and containing debris, it aids in maintaining a tidy and clean work environment. A disorderly and unsafe environment can be created due to the generation of a significant amount of debris by building sites. The netting's ability to keep the site clean not only improves safety but also improves overall operational efficiency. Clutter-free workspaces enable employees to focus on their tasks without distractions, while managers can make sure that the workspace complies with the appropriate regulatory standards.

The particular demands of building sites are carefully addressed in the design of scaffold debris netting. Adverse weather conditions, prolonged exposure and the rigours of construction activities are no match for this hard-wearing, engineered product. The netting's durability is matched by its lightweight design, making it easy to install and manoeuvre. The simplicity of its application adds to the efficiency of construction projects, as it can be quickly installed and removed where necessary.

Extending beyond its immediate benefits, the netting contributes to an orderly and safe work environment. Construction sites are dynamic spaces that require constant adaptation to changing conditions. Seamlessly integrating into various construction projects, scaffold debris netting displays its versatility. Whether it's a new build, a repair project or a renovation, the netting's adaptability ensures that site management and safety remain paramount throughout diverse tasks.

In short, by effectively organising a building site and ensuring the safety of working environments, scaffold debris netting is an important tool within the construction industry. Safer and more efficient construction sites result from its capability to intercept falling debris and elevate cleanliness. By emphasising the fitting of scaffold debris netting, construction professionals exhibit their commitment to safety for both on-site workers and nearby areas, thereby contributing to the success of their projects. (31031 - Scaffold Debris Netting Stockton-on-Tees)

Cuplock (Cuplok®) Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees

Designed by a company called SGB, the first, and many would suggest the finest, of the "module" scaffolding alternatives is Cuplock (or Cuplok®). Largely down to its simplicity and versatility, Cuplock is nowadays one of the most commonly used scaffolding systems in the world. Owing to its ingenious locking system, Cuplock is easy and fast to use, and can be adapted for use in an array of locations and situations, including; mobile towers, stairway scaffolds, facade scaffolding, curved scaffolds, shoring scaffolds, loading bay scaffolds and birdcage structures. Over the last 30 years, Cuplok® has grown ever more popular, as building contractors and companies in Stockton-on-Tees are continually seeking out new solutions to save on outlay. Employing a "cup and blade" arrangement, with a twist action to securely lock the various ledgers and standards together, Cuplok® is a galvanised "module" or "system" scaffold.

The Key Elements of a Scaffold

  • Standards
  • Midrails
  • Toeboards
  • Base Plates
  • Putlogs
  • Ledgers
  • Guard Rails
  • Base Jack
  • Diagonal Braces
  • Scaffold Boards

Tube and Fitting Scaffolding

"Tube & fitting" scaffolding is the most widely used type of scaffolding found on building sites in Stockton-on-Tees and around County Durham. This scaffolding solution uses different lengths of aluminium (or quite often galvanised steel) tubing, which is tightly fixed together with a combination of clamps, couplers and clips. By looking at the particular needs of each Stockton-on-Tees construction site, tube & fitting scaffolding can be pieced together in a mind-boggling range of designs and configurations, making it an extremely flexible option. With additional measures such as fans, brick guards, debris netting and toe boards, tube & fitting scaffolds can easily be made to follow the appropriate Work at Height Regulations.

Scaffold Safety Tips

You can easily avoid falls from scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees by following one or two vital safety tips. Whether it is a stationary scaffold or a mobile scaffold, chances of accident are always there. Irrespective of the sort of scaffolding that's being used, sticking to safety standards is essential, because serious injuries normally result due to falls from high places.

The first and most important tip that anyone could give is to have a competent authority to take care of the scaffolding on the site. This supervisor must oversee all of the scaffolding erection that occurs. Assistance in scaffold erection and other services should be provided by any scaffolding providers in Stockton-on-Tees worth their salt. A qualified supervisor should however still be available to deal with any scaffolding problem that develops as the work progresses. It is really important to follow the maker's instructions word for word whenever putting up scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees. For clarity and advice, you should phone the manufacturers if you've got any worries. Remember, there's nothing wrong in getting help.

Whether it's a mobile scaffold or a stationary scaffold, you must make certain that no one works on the scaffolds when a storm is imminent. It's during gusty weather that a lot of the accidents involving falling from heights normally happen in Stockton-on-Tees. The supervisor on site should make sure the scaffolds are a "no-go" zone during such weather. Before any workman actually climbs onto a scaffold, it is crucial to check if it's loose or leaning to one side. Before working on any of the scaffolding, it should be made compulsory for everyone to do these checks. This will significantly decrease the number of accidents that occur on-site.

Supporting a scaffold with loose bricks or concrete blocks, is an error that should not be made under any circumstances whatsoever. Bear in mind, if the manufacturer says that a foundation is required for scaffolding, especially if it were to be constructed on a solid surface, then it is in your best interests to go by this advice.

In case of the use of a mobile scaffold, be sure to chock the wheels. This will stop the mobile scaffold from rolling. With aluminium scaffolds, the chances of rolling are fairly high, owing to the fact that it's incredibly light in weight. Ensuring that you securely lock the wheels is therefore an extremely vital step.

Lastly, it is a definite no-no to try to move a mobile scaffold while anybody is working on it. Most accidents involving falls from scaffold are down to mistakes such as this.

Temporary Roofing Scaffolds Stockton-on-Tees

To achieve safe and secure access to rooftops during repairs or construction, the use of temporary roof scaffolds is essential. Built using metal poles and planks, these platforms provide stability, enabling workers to perform their tasks safely without the threat of falling. When working on steep or high roofs in Stockton-on-Tees, these are particularly beneficial, as ladders are neither safe nor practical.

Temporary Roofing Scaffolds Stockton-on-Tees

Besides enhancing safety, temporary roof scaffolds shield both the property and workers from the weather during any construction work. Covered in laminated polyethylene sheeting, these scaffolds ensure protection from the weather and waterproofing, so your project can proceed regardless of any poor conditions.

Putting up temporary roof scaffolds involves installing a framework around the building, ensuring that it is robust enough to support the weight of materials and workers. Adjustable to various angles and heights, the scaffolding provides flexibility to meet the particular requirements of the job. Safety precautions, such as toe boards and guardrails, are normally added to further prevent the chance of accidents.

Temporary roof scaffolds are useful not only for large construction projects but also for smaller maintenance tasks and repairs. Home and business owners in Stockton-on-Tees find them a cost-effective solution as they can be hired for short-term use. These scaffolds help make sure that roofing work is carried out safely and efficiently by providing a secure working environment. (Temporary Roofing Scaffolds Stockton-on-Tees)

Scaffolding Signage

Scaffolding Signage Stockton-on-TeesScaffolding signage is a critical element that cannot be overlooked in any construction or maintenance project where scaffolding is used. Signs are designed to inform workers and passers-by to the presence of scaffolding and potential hazards that might arise. Scaffolding signage can include directional signs, warning signs and information signs, such as contact information for the scaffolding company or emergency services.

Signs must be discernable from afar, clearly readable and comply with applicable health and safety regulations. Scaffolding signage helps to reduce the risk of injuries and accidents by drawing attention to potential dangers and providing important information to workers and the public. Before erecting any scaffolding structure, it is essential for scaffolding contractors in Stockton-on-Tees to ensure that the appropriate signage has been set up. By maintaining and correctly positioning scaffolding signs, a company can exhibit its commitment to safety and compliance with legislation while also increasing safety.

Scaffold Boards

Readily available from builders merchants and DIY superstores, scaffold boards are frequently seen on building projects and construction sites in Stockton-on-Tees. Not just that, but you'll sometimes also see old scaffold boards being employed for various purposes in the homes and gardens of Stockton-on-Tees. Scaffold boards are usually regarded as durable and strong and often employed between ladders for decorating, for use in the garden, for bridging muddy lawns, and a hundred other potential uses. That said, some of these uses can be hazardous, and we're certainly not recommending any of those uses here!

Scaffold Boards Stockton-on-Tees (TS19)

Providing a secure working platform for workers on scaffolds, is however, the correct and intended use of scaffold boards in Stockton-on-Tees. Scaffold boards are typically fitted lengthwise along scaffold lifts, and given extra support at evenly spaced intervals which will depend upon the quality and grade of the boards.

Scaffold boards in Great Britain normally come in lengths ranging from 5 feet (1.5m) to 13 feet (3.9m), and are traditionally 225mm wide and 38mm thick. Easy to recognise because they have a metal band at each end, wooden scaffold boards require this extra protection to strengthen the exposed end grain of the board and help to stop them from splitting. Scaffold boards are available in different grades and types, and can be manufactured from materials other than timber.

The Different Types of Scaffold Boards

Grade "A" Scaffold Boards - For many decades scaffolders across the UK have regularly used grade "A" scaffold boards and widely considered them to be the default board for everyday use. While the name seems to indicate that they're the finest quality boards, this is not in fact the case - they have been known to break, and they do not come up to British Standards.

BSI Standard Scaffold Boards - These scaffold boards do observe British Standards (BS 2482:2009) and are appropriate for use on-site. They can easily be recognised by the marks on the metal band on the end, which should also reveal whether they've been machine or visually graded. It's recommended that this type of board should be supported at 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) intervals so as to be fully safe.

Plastic Scaffold Boards - Stockton-on-Tees scaffolding contractors who have a preference for boards which have a longer service life, are more rot and water resistant and are non-slip, can choose to use plastic scaffold boards.

Galvanised Steel Scaffold Boards - Compliant with British Standards specifications (BS EN 12811), metal scaffold boards are flame retardant and are durable and extremely strong.

Flame Retardant Timber Scaffold Boards - There are timber scaffold boards available that are flame retardant, normally to Class C of BS EN 13501-1 (British Standards).

Scaffold Fences and Hoardings

Scaffolding hoardings and fences are two types of temporary structures that are widely utilised in various applications that require a temporary screening or barrier. Whether it's a building site, an event, or any other location in need of protection, these structures provide a fast and easy way to secure the area. These structures are usually made out of metal, plastic or timber.

Scaffolding fencing is designed to surround scaffolding systems and safeguard both workers and passers-by from the hazards of unstable structures or falling debris. These fences are highly adjustable, allowing them to fit any shape and size of scaffold, making them a practical choice for any construction site.

Hoardings, on the other hand, serve the purpose of concealing public works, event preparation or construction sites. They are constructed with materials like corrugated metal, wood sheets or plastic panels and can be decorated with graphic designs to create an eye-catching and attractive screen. Hoardings are used to maintain the appearance and privacy of the area.

Both scaffolding fences and hoardings play an important role in ensuring the safety of the general public, workers, and the surrounding environment during events or construction projects. They're quick to install, durable, and can be easily removed as soon as the work is complete.

Work at Height Regulations

Scaffolds which are erected on building sites in Stockton-on-Tees (or anywhere in Britain) must comply with the Working at Height Regulations which came into effect in 2005. In the year 2005/06 there were approximately 3350 significant injuries and 46 fatalities caused by falls from height in Britain. These regulations relate to workplaces where there is a chance of serious injury being caused by falling some distance, and in addition where injuries can be caused to passers-by and bystanders by falling objects. It is the responsibility of the "duty holder" to make certain that all equipment and scaffolding is secure and that all health and safety measures are adopted to avoid the risk of injury.

Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolding Tasks

Scaffolders Stockton-on-Tees

Local Stockton-on-Tees scaffolders will be happy to assist you with scaffold stagings, bridge scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, the hire of scaffold boards, supply and erection of scaffolding, cheap scaffolding, scaffold debris netting, Cuplock scaffolding, H-frame scaffolding, builder's scaffolding, shrink wrapping, hoardings, scaffolding for extensions, scaffolding for roof repairs, access scaffolding, suspended scaffolds, system scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, aluminium scaffolding, residential scaffolding, scaffold sheeting, custom scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, industrial scaffolding, affordable scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, scaffolding safety inspections, scaffold guardrails in Stockton-on-Tees, commercial scaffolding in Stockton-on-Tees, shoring scaffolding, railway maintenance scaffolds, rolling scaffolds, bricklayer's scaffolds, cantilever scaffolds and more scaffolding services. Listed are just an example of the tasks that are performed by people specialising in scaffolding. Stockton-on-Tees companies will let you know their whole range of services.

QUOTES FOR SCAFFOLDING STOCKTON-ON-TEES (01642)

Scaffolders Near Stockton-on-Tees

Also find: Little Stainton scaffolders, Fairfield scaffolders, Norton scaffolders, Normanby scaffolders, Redmarshall scaffolders, West Lane scaffolders, Wolviston scaffolders, Elm Tree Farm scaffolders, Newton Bewley scaffolders, Roseworth scaffolders, Whinney Hill scaffolders and more. These and other communities and towns are catered for by scaffolders and associated tradesmen. These seasoned specialists bring a wealth of expertise and knowledge to the table, making certain that scaffold structures are not only erected securely but also safely. They understand the need for complying with strict safety regulations and standards to establish a work environment that enhances productive capacity and reduces risks. By clicking here, scaffolding quotes are available to local homeowners. Today is the ideal time to kick off your scaffolding project.

Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolding Services

Find a Scaffolder in Stockton-on-Tees Here
Stockton-on-Tees Scaffolding Estimates

More Stockton-on-Tees Tradesmen: While seeking out Stockton-on-Tees scaffolders, you could likewise also be interested in loft conversion in Stockton-on-Tees, double glazing fitters in Stockton-on-Tees, roofers in Stockton-on-Tees, SKIP HIRE in Stockton-on-Tees, patio cleaning in Stockton-on-Tees, bricklayers in Stockton-on-Tees, guttering specialists in Stockton-on-Tees, waste removal in Stockton-on-Tees, brick repointing specialists in Stockton-on-Tees, brick cleaning in Stockton-on-Tees, rendering in Stockton-on-Tees, aerial installation in Stockton-on-Tees, painting and decorating in Stockton-on-Tees, and other tradesmen.

If you're interested in local Stockton-on-Tees information click here

Scaffolders in TS19 area, 01642.

TOP - Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees

Commercial Scaffolders Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffold Hire Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffold Companies Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffolding Quotes Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffolders Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffolding Hoists Stockton-on-Tees - Residential Scaffolders Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffolding Services Stockton-on-Tees - Scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees

HOME - SCAFFOLDING UK

(This scaffolding Stockton-on-Tees information was checked and updated on 04-10-2024)